Open science (Open Science) is an approach to scientific and scientific-technical activity, which provides access to research infrastructure facilities, scientific results and scientific and technical information with the possibility of their repeated use, exchange and distribution through information and communication technologies. The goal of open science is to accelerate scientific, technical and social development, deepen cooperation between researchers and increase the transparency of scientific processes. Open science is a strategic priorityof the European Commission and a standard approach in its research and innovation funding programs. The international basis for the practice of open science is laid by the UNESCO Recommendations on Open Science(UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science).
Association of European Universities (USA) supports universities in the transition to open science and identifies three key areas:
- Universal and permanent open access to scientific results in a fair ecosystem of scientific publications.
- Available according to principlesFAIR research data.
- Institutional approaches to research evaluation (US Open Science Agenda 2025).
Formation of the values of open science is an important step for the implementation of European standards in the Ukrainian academic environment.
Components of open science
- Open access (Open Access)
- Open data (Open Data)
- Open review (Open Review)
- Open educational resources (Open Educational Resources, OER)
- Open source software (Open Source Software)
- Civic science (Citizen Science)
Key principles of open science
• FAIR: data must be searchable, registration of remote access is temporarily suspended for technical reasons, compatible and reusable.
• CARE: ethical guidelines for data use: collective benefit, the right to control, responsibility, ethics.
Both approaches complement each other.
Practical steps towards open science
- Public access publication
- Research data management
- Open educational resources
Tools and resources
- International: ORCID, Zenodo, DOAJ, Sherpa Romeo.
- Ukrainian: Scientific periodicals of Ukraine, National repository of academic texts, Register of scientific professional publications of Ukraine.
Action plan for the researcher
• Preparation: creation of ORCID, familiarization with open science policy and FAIR principles.
• Research planning: inclusion of open science in the plan, selection of repositories, defining open access logs.
• During the research: documenting all stages, data storage in open formats, using open tools.
• Publication: publication of results, distribution of data through repositories, using social networks for promotion.
Advantages of open science
• For scientists: increase in citations, visibility, new opportunities for cooperation, compliance with grantor requirements.
• For the university: improving the rating, increasing citations, demonstration of social responsibility, attraction of new partners.